Page 37 - TPIS2022

Lecture title:
The emerging role of artificial intelligence in reducing radiation exposure

ABSTRACT:

Modern techniques including X-ray computed tomography (CT), single-photon emission

computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) as well as their combinations (SPECT/CT, PET/CT and PET/
MRI) provide powerful multimodality techniques for in vivo imaging. Yet, the radiation
risks from medical imaging examinations are still a matter of concern.This talk presents
the fundamental principles of multimodality medical imaging and reviews the major
applications of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular deep learning approaches, in
medical radiation protection.
It will inform the audience about a series of advanced development recently carried out at
the PET instrumentation & Neuroimaging Lab of Geneva University Hospital and other
active research groups. To this end, the applications of deep learning in five generic fields

of medical radiation protection, including imaging instrumentation design, image
denoising (low-dose imaging), image reconstruction quantification and segmentation,
radiation dosimetry and computer-aided diagnosis and outcome prediction are discussed.
Deep learning algorithms have been widely utilized in various medical imaging problems
owing to the promising results achieved. This talk reflects the tremendous increase in
interest in optimizing medical radiation protection using deep learning techniques in
the past few years. The deployment of AI-based methods when exposed to a different test
dataset requires ensuring that the developed model has sufficient generalizability. This is
an important part of quality control measures prior to implementation in the clinic. Novel
deep learning techniques are revolutionizing clinical practice and are now offering unique
capabilities to the clinical medical imaging community. Future opportunities and the
challenges facing the adoption of deep learning approaches and their role in radiation
protection research are also addressed.

5 International TPCF Preclinical Imaging Symposium (2022) 37
th